The Summoner In The Canterbury Tales Essay - 901 Words

In the year of 1390, an intriguing frame story known as The Canterbury Tales was written by Geoffrey Chaucer, which discussed 24 unique characters with their own personalities and patterns of behavior (Lumiansky). The summoner within the story demonstrates the corruption within the Catholic Church, exploiting his privileges with a grin on his face. The primary excerpt throws in statements such as, â€Å"Children were afraid when he appeared,† and â€Å"Questio quid juris†, which means, â€Å"I ask what the point of the law [applies]†, frequently used by The Summoner to stall and evade the issue at hand (Elements of Literature). He did as he wanted when he wanted, often utilizing the system itself within his own endeavors, even when it inconveniences†¦show more content†¦The Summoner likes his wine as red as his face, frequently getting drunk and bellowing out the only few Latin words that he knows (Elements of Literature). He’s also shown to tak e bribes, which can be seen within the section, â€Å"Why, he’d allow---just for a quart of wine---Any good lad to keep a concubine a twelvemonth and dispense him altogether!† Simply put: If anyone was caught with a mistress, he’d give them a break for twelve months, but if they aren’t able to give him a quart of wine, he summons them to the church to get them excommunicated (Elements of Literature). Overall, the Summoner wasn’t a very suave person, but he really didn’t seem to care. He wasn’t very stunning appearance-wise either. It’s noted that his face is riddled with blemishes that persistently stick around in the long-term, completely impervious to any ointments or creams that could purge them from his already tomato-red face (Elements of Literature). He had narrow eyes and black scabby eyebrows to compliment them, with a thin, unclean beard to further ratify the image of him. Furthermore, a fragment of the prologue states that, â€Å"He wore a garland set upon his head, Large as the holly-bush upon a stake, Outside an ale-house, and he had a cake, A round one, which it was his joke to wield as if it were intended for a shield†. During that time, a holy man wouldn’t really tread outside of an ale-house, which indicates theShow MoreRelatedChaucers Canterbury Tales741 Words   |  3 Pages Essay topic: With the reference to one of The Canterbury Tales discuss, what means Chaucer uses to create the highly individualized (and often comic) characters and how successful is his creation. The Friar from The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucer was a master at creating highly individualized characters who are often comic and realistic at the same time and always have good traits as well as bad ones. 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Spirituality in the Second Nuns Tale      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, Chaucer describes the men and women of the Church in extreme forms; most of these holy pilgrims, such as the Monk, the Friar, and Pardoner, are caricatures of objectionable parts of Catholic society.   At a time when the power-hungry Catholic Church used the misery of peasants in order to obtain wealth, it is no wonder that one of the greatest writers of the Middle Ages used his works

Organizational Markets And Buying Behavior Essay - 978 Words

Organizational markets and buying behavior is essential for effective business-to-business marketing, so it is important to recognize the features of organizational buyers and their buying behavior. There are three different organizational markets and they consist of: industrial, reseller, and government. Industrial organizations in some way re-claim a product or service they purchase before selling it to the next buyer. Take Corning, Inc. for example; this organization converts different blends materials to create optical fiber, which is capable of carrying an abundant amount of the telephone traffic in the United States. Also, companies that sell physical goods such as: mining, timber, and fisheries, represent twenty-five percent of all of the industrial firms, as mentioned by authors Kerin and Hartley. Resellers, or wholesalers and retailers, buy physical products and resell them again without any reprocessing. 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Natural Fiber Wide Use Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(299) " the classical RSM are developed utilizing additive multinomial theoretical accounts, chiefly first-degree and second-degree theoretical accounts, with uninterrupted response variables assumed, for the most portion, to be independently and usually distributed with changeless mistake discrepancies\." Natural fibres have been in a broad usage since the development of the human race. Catching up the Eco thrust, applied scientists were looking for eco-friendly options for fictile fibre. In the due class many natural fibres have been tested and some were able to do their base going economically feasible. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Fiber Wide Use Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The present work proposes to fix and prove a Natural Fiber ( Asian Palmyra ) Reinforced Composite ( NFRC ) . The survey is planned in conformity to a 3-Level Factorial Design and find the fluctuation of Tensile Strength ( TS ) , of short and indiscriminately oriented Palmyra NFRC, under control parametric quantities such as alkali intervention clip, fiber length and fiber volume % . The present paper focuses to pattern the influence of procedure variables on TS through Response Surface Methodology. The mathematical theoretical account which is developed to foretell tensile strength is found statistically valid and sound within the scope of the factors. Keywords: A – Discontinuous support, B – Mechanical belongingss, C – Statistical properties/methods, D – Mechanical testing, E – Lay-up ( manual ) . 1. Introduction: Natural fibre has been in a broad usage since the development of the human race. They had got broad acceptation in communities for their flexibleness and strength. Recent tendencies in the country of fibre reinforced complexs have drawn a twine in utilizing these natural fibres as their support. The natural fibre imparts lower lastingness and lower strength compared to glaze fibres. However, low specific gravitation consequences in a higher specific strength and stiffness than glass. Natural fibres offer good thermal, dielectric and acoustic insularity belongingss along with easiness in processing technique without have oning of tools. Most of these fibres are produced in developing states like China, India and Brazil etc. In a historical position complexs like straw reinforced walls, bows and chariots made of pasted beds played of import functions in their endurance. Though many of these fibres are limited to their epidemic parts due to high local demand for many old ages, coming of man-made fibres have affected the market of natural fibres. After being entirely used for their electromagnetic belongingss, utilizing complexs to better the structural public presentation of ballistic capsule and aircraft became popular in last two decennaries of the old century. Particularly, increased constrains and future environmental route maps, have been emphasizing automotive industries to diminish their C pes prints. These rigorous steps have become blessing to the lagging natural fibre industries, and thereby making new challenges for research workers in happening beginnings of fibre, fiction techniques and applications of na tural fibres. The easy handiness of natural fibres and fabricating have motivated research workers worldwide late to seek locally available cheap fibres and to analyze their feasibleness of support intents and to what extent they satisfy the needed specifications of good reinforced polymer complexs [ 1 ] . Many surveies proved them to be possible rivals to man-made fibre to some extent. After reexamining the bing literature available on natural fibre complexs, assorted writers had put attempts in planing complexs based on the demands of composite industry. There has been a broad assortment of literature available on natural fibres such aspen, abaca, bagasse, bamboo, banana, coir, day of the month thenar, flax, henequen, isora, jute, silk cotton, deccan hemp, oil thenar, Ananas comosus, ramee, sisal, etc. , [ 2-18 ] . Natural fibre complexs provide comparable specific strength with that of man-made fibre complexs, due the low denseness offered by natural fibres [ 19 ] . There are many parametric quantities which affect the public presentation of a natural fiber-reinforced complex. Chemical alteration improvesA fiberA matrix adhesion, their consequences and effects on the physical belongingss ofA complexs [ 20 ] . Aspect ratio has a considerable consequence on composite belongingss, henc e it is of import to conserve fiber length every bit much as possible during composite processing operations [ 21 ] . Mechanical belongingss of the composite vary with assorted sums of fibre volume ratio. But there have been a really few documents covering with Palmyra fibre, the present fibre of our involvement [ 22 – 24 ] . The Borasseus Flabellifer is a tall and vertical thenar, and can populate 100 old ages or more and make a tallness of 30 m, with a canopy of big, fan-shaped foliages several twelve found distributing 3 metres across [ 25 ] . Each and every portion of the tree is a noteworthy socio-economic value for people in Southern India. The mid-ribs of the foliages and the fibres from their chaffs are used in doing industrial coppices and brooms. The fibre has good opposition to clash and heat, and will defy many chemicals and dissolvers. The denseness of toddy palm ( 0.7 gm/cm3 ) is least among all known natural fibres that are being commercially used in fabricating natural fibre complexs. This is extremely favourable belongings from the position point of light-weightiness. The present complex can happen extended application in non-structural, low-performance utilizations. Hence, the toddy palm fibres are most suited for doing support in green composite stuffs. The present research focuses on the survey and consequence of procedure parametric quantities on the tensile strength of short and indiscriminately oriented palmyra natural fibre reinforced complexs. The decisions drawn from this is that, a successful combination of procedure parametric quantities consequences in the betterment of mechanical belongingss of the composite. In future, complexs will be manufactured even more harmonizing to an integrated design procedure ensuing in the optimal building harmonizing to parametric quantities such as form, mass, strength, stiffness, lastingness, costs, etc. The developed mathematical theoretical account will be able to demo the influence of a design alteration on each one of these parametric quantities ( here strength ) . 2. RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY: Response surface methodological analysis ( RSM ) began with the work of Box and Wilson in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society [ 26 ] . That work was motivated by the demand to run experiments expeditiously, by a proper pick of design, and to find operating conditions on a set of governable variables that give rise to an optimum response. The cardinal thoughts in the classical RSM are developed utilizing additive multinomial theoretical accounts, chiefly first-degree and second-degree theoretical accounts, with uninterrupted response variables assumed, for the most portion, to be independently and usually distributed with changeless mistake discrepancies. You read "Natural Fiber Wide Use Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" This method has gone through several phases of development that are aimed at doing it more applicable to wider experimental state of affairss [ 27 ] . RSM is a aggregation of mathematical and statistical techniques that are utile for the mold and analysis of jobs in which a response of involvement is influenced by several variables and the aim is to optimise the response [ 28 ] . For, illustration, if the experimenter wishes to happen the degrees of two input variables, x1, x2 which maximize the output [ y ] of the procedure, so the procedure output is stated as: where I µ represents the noise or mistake observed in the response Y. If the expected response is denoted by E [ y ] = f [ x1, x2 ] = I · , so the surface represented by I · = f [ x1, x2 ] is called a response surface. If the individual input variable can be related to the end product variable so it is known as response curve and if the two input variables relate to the end product variable so it is known as response surface [ 28 ] . In common pattern, response surfaces are expressed diagrammatically and visualized through single secret plans, contours and 3D surface graphs. 3. SPECIMEN Fabrication: The petioles of Asiatic Palmyra tree were soaked in a H2O retting armored combat vehicle for 45 yearss. After 45 yearss, the fibre can be extracted from the chaffs manually. These long uninterrupted fibres are washed exhaustively in plentifulness of clean H2O to take the excess waste ( fig. 1 ) . 3.1 ALKALI TREATMENT: The obtained fibres were divided into three parts of equal weight. These three groups of fibre were treated with 5 % NaOH solution for different clip continuances. The first group is treated for 2 hours, the 2nd for 4 hours and the 3rd for 6 hours. Chemical intervention with NaOH removes wet content from the fibres thereby increasing its strength. The chemical intervention besides clears all the drosss that are bordering the fiber stuff and besides stabilizes the molecular orientation. After alkali intervention, fibres were washed exhaustively in the distilled H2O and were dried for one twenty-four hours at room temperature. Then these long fibres were cut into short fibres of different lengths ( 3mm, 5mm and 7mm ) . The fibres which were treated for 2 hours with NaOH are cut into equal sums of 3mm, 5mm and 7mm fibres severally. Similarly, the fibres which were treated with NaOH for 4 hours and 6 hours were besides cut into short fibres. Therefore nine different samples of fibre were prepared which vary in fibre length and alkali intervention hours. 3.2 PREPATION OF COMPOSITES: A rectangular wooden board of 300mm, 300mm was taken and wooden forms of thickness 4mm were fixed on these wooden boards with the aid of nails. These wooden forms were placed so that a infinite of 150mm, 10mm, and 4mm was obtained. After the molds of needed dimensions were prepared, wax was applied to the interior sides of the molds for easy release of the complex without lodging to the mold walls. Then the matrix was prepared by blending the hardener to epoxy. The epoxy and the hardener ratio were maintained at 10:1. To acquire good cured and a standard quality specimen, the epoxy and hardener must be assorted swimmingly and easy for about 10 proceedingss. Initial bed of the mold was filled with the epoxy rosin and hardener mixture and so the appropriate measure of fibres was placed such that epoxy mixture wholly spread over the fibres. Again, epoxy mixture was poured on the fibre. Therefore, the starting and stoping of the beds were of epoxy rosin. A fictile releasing house was pla ced on the top of the uncured mixture. Before using compaction, attempts were made to take all bubbles with roller. Finally, the compaction force per unit area of 0.05 MPa was applied equally and cured for 24 hours at room temperature. In this manner, specimens incorporating different volume fractions of fibre were prepared. These specimens were cured in the hot air oven at 600 C for 2 hours. Specimens incorporating different fibre volume fractions such as 20 % , 30 % , 40 % were prepared and 27 specimens were prepared. Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite ( NFRC ) is considered as the stuff for probe and its material composing is given in Table 4.1. The specimen ( Fig. 2 ) is prepared with the dimensions of 150mm length, 10mm breadth and 4mm thickness harmonizing to ASTM D 3039-76 [ 29 ] is used for experimentation. 3.3 MECHANICAL Testing OF FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE: The most basic mechanical trial is the tenseness trial. For most structural stuffs, the tensile belongingss are indispensable elements of the stuff design allowable. The complexs specimens were tested as per ASTM criterions. The tensile testing was done as per ASTM D 3039M with the aid of INSTRON-6025 theoretical account Universal Testing Machine ( Fig. 3 ) at a crosshead velocity of 2mm per minute and consequences were analyzed to cipher the tensile strength of composite samples. 4. Plan AN Experiment: Recognition of job and job statement: â€Å" Determine the affect of Alkali Treatment Time, Fiber length A ; % Fiber volume on the tensile strength of Natural Fiber ( short Asian Palmyra ) Reinforced Composite. † Choice of factors, degrees, scopes: Alkali Treatment Time ( A ) , Fiber length ( B ) , Fiber volume % ( C ) ( 3 Levels ) Choice of the response variable: Tensile Strength of Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite ( T ) . Choice of experimental design: 3 flat factorial design. Performing the experiment: Tensile strength on Universal Testing Machine ( UTM ) . Statistical analysis of informations: A, B, C relation to T Decisions and recommendations: Accomplishment of experiment aims. 4.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED METHODOLOGY The control factors considered for experiments are alkali intervention clip, fiber length and fibre volume per centum while tensile strength is considered as the end product response. The process of response surface methodological analysis comprises the undermentioned stairss [ 30 ] : Plan a series of experiments for equal and dependable measuring of the response of involvement. Develop an empirical or mathematical theoretical account of the 2nd order response surface with the best adjustments. Find the optimum set of experimental parametric quantities that produce a upper limit or minimal value of response. Represent the direct and the synergistic effects of procedure parametric quantities through two and three dimensional secret plans. 4.1.1 Conducting the experiments The executable scopes of the procedure control variables considered are listed in Table 4.2. These values correspond to the conditions at which there is maximal consequence on tensile strength as reported by other writers for different natural fibres. The belongingss of Asiatic Palmyra fibre reinforced complexs with different fibre lengths, clip continuances of Alkali intervention and fibre volume per centums under these conditions, the probes are presented in the undermentioned Tables 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5. Sample of tensile trial studies are shown in Fig. 4. The tensile strength of the specimen made of epoxy and hardener is 12.44MPa. 4.2 DEVELOPMENT OF EMPIRICAL MODELS The informations collected from typical experiments refering to end product responses, Tensile Strength from Tables 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5 are used to implement the proposed methodological analysis. The demand in developing the mathematical relationships is to associate the tensile strength to the procedure parametric quantities thereby easing the optimisation of the procedure parametric quantities. Design Expert, 8.0v [ 31 ] , statistical analysis package, is used to calculate the arrested development coefficients of the proposed theoretical accounts. The interaction effects of the procedure parametric quantities and tensile strength are important and hence the 2nd order theoretical accounts are postulated. The multinomial is fitted and the relationships obtained for the end product responses are given below: 4.2.1 Adequacy trial: The developed empirical theoretical accounts are tested for their adequateness utilizing the undermentioned trials: 4.2.1.1 Analysis of Variance [ ANOVA ] : ANOVA is carried out for the quadratic response surface theoretical accounts. The statistics of ANOVA for Tensile Strength is given in the Table 4.6. In instance of tensile strength, it can be observed from Table 4.6 that the value of â€Å" Probability gt ; F † for the theoretical account is less than 0.05, which indicates that the theoretical account is important [ 28 ] . 4.2.1.2 Multiple arrested development coefficients: To look into whether the fitted theoretical accounts really describe the experimental information, the multiple arrested development coefficient [ R2 ] is computed. R2 statistic is defined as the ratio of variableness explained by the theoretical account to the entire variableness in the existent experimental informations and is used as a step of goodness of fit [ 28 ] . If R2 attacks to integrity, the better the theoretical account fits the experimental information. In other words, it is the proportion of fluctuation in the dependant variable [ response ] that can be explained by the forecasters [ factor ] in the theoretical account. From Table 4.6, R2 for tensile strength is found to be 0.9276. This shows that the second-order theoretical account can explicate the fluctuation in tensile strength up to the extent of 92.76 % . The adjusted R2 efforts to give a more appropriate value to gauge R2. Adjusted R2 can be computed utilizing the expression 1- [ [ 1- R2 ] * [ N-1 ] / [ N-k-1 ] ] , where N is the figure of observations and K is the figure of forecasters [ 28 ] . When N is little and K is big and there will be a much greater difference between R2 and adjusted R2 [ because the ratio of [ N-1 ] / [ N-k-1 ] will be much less than 1. By contrast, when the figure of observations is really big compared to the figure of forecasters, the value of R2 and adjusted R2 will be much closer because the ratio of [ N-1 ] / [ N-k-1 ] will near 1. From Table 4.6, adjusted R2 for tensile strength is found to be 0.8915. It can be observed that the values of R2 and adjusted R2 are much closer to each other. The developed mathematical theoretical accounts are farther checked for their adequateness utilizing normal chance secret plan of remainders. The diagnostic secret plans are drawn to look into whether the informations are usually distributed and for any premise is violated. Therefore, the normal chance secret plan of remainders for the responses, tensile strength is plotted. Normal chance secret plans are used to measure whether informations come from the normal distribution. The statistical process makes the premise that an implicit in distribution is normal [ 28 ] . Thus normal chance secret plans can supply confidence that the premise is justified, or else supply a warning of jobs with the premise. An analysis of normalcy typically combines normal chance secret plans with hypothesis trials for normalcy. In a normal chance secret plan, if all the information points autumn near the line, an premise of normalcy is sensible. Otherwise, the points will swerve off from the line, and an premise of normalcy is non justified. The normal chance secret plans of the remainders for the end product responses, tensile strength is shown in Fig. 5 and it can be observed that the remainders are located on consecutive line, which means that the mistakes are distributed usually. The 3D surface graphs for tensile strength are shown in Figs. 6 – 8. All have curvilinear profile in conformity to the quadratic theoretical account fitted. Fig. 6 shows the interaction consequence of fibre length and alkali intervention clip on tensile strenth at different degrees of fibre volume per centum. It is clear from the figure that at highest values of fibre length and alkali intervention clip the tensile strenth attains largest value of 27MPa. At high value of alkali intervention clip ( 6Hrs ) and low value of fiber length ( 3mm ) , tensile strength varies from 17-19 MPa. where as at low value of both fiber length and alkali intervention clip the tensile strength is lowest. Fig. 7 depicts the consequence of fibre volume per centum and alkali intervention clip on tensile strength at different degrees of fibre length. As indicated in the secret plan the tensile strength additions with addition in both fiber volume per centum and alkali intervention clip. The highest value of tensile strength of about 27MPa is recorded at high values of fibre volume per centum and alkali intervention clip. Fig. 8 describes the interaction consequence of fibre volume per centum and fiber length on tensile strength of short and indiscriminately oriented Palmyra fiber composite at different degrees of base intervention clip. As the fibre volume per centum additions from 20 – 40 % and fibre length increasing from 7 – 3mm so tensile strength additions from 13 – 27 MPa. The combined consequence of fibre length and fibre volume per centum increases the tensile strength of composite. It can be said that the empirical theoretical accounts developed were moderately accurate, for Tensile strength. 5 Decision The proposed work is on the survey and consequence of procedure parametric quantities on the tensile strength of short and indiscriminately oriented toddy palm fibre reinforced complexs. The experimental probe on mechanical behavior of palmyra fibre reinforced complexs leads to the undermentioned decisions: Tensile strength ( TS ) , of the toddy palm fibre reinforced composite stuff is greatly influenced by alkali intervention clip, fiber length and fibre volume fraction. The quadratic theoretical account developed by RSM can be used to foretell the tensile strength of the toddy palm fibre reinforced composite stuff at 93 % assurance degree. But the cogency of the theoretical account is limited to the scope of parametric quantities considered for the probe. The truth of the developed theoretical account can be improved by including more figure of parametric quantities and degrees. Further, mathematical theoretical accounts can be developed by taking multiple responses, with different scopes of procedure variables and the composite design can be optimized based on the demand of the clients. How to cite Natural Fiber Wide Use Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Internal Controls on Purchase of Material

Question: Discuss about theInternal Controls on Purchase of Material. Answer: Introduction Internal controls are designed to safeguard assets of the company and ensure reliable financial reporting (Arwinge, 2012). Internal controls in the areas of sales, purchase, fixed assets and stock are crucial to ensure accomplishment of the organizational goals. In the current case, internal controls in respect of stock of Fruito, which is retail sales shop, have been analyzed to find out risk factors and recommend checks and controls. The internal controls in relation to stock assume high importance in the organization engaged in retail sales business because of high volume movements (Arwinge, 2012). Identification of the Risk and its Impact The internal controls are placed on inward and outward movements and record maintenance of the stock so as to ensure that stock is safeguarded from misuse and theft (Johnstone, Gramling, Rittenberg, 2015). In the purchasing process there several risk factors that the management of Fruito should bear in mind while designing suitable controls. The first risk relates to authorization of the purchase transaction. The purchase orders need to be authorized by an appropriate authority such as purchase manager or head of the procurement department. If the purchase of material made without proper authorization, there would emanate a risk of buying material from unauthorized vendors at wrong prices and on terms which may be prejudicial to the company (Moeller, 2016). Further, in the absence of adequate controls, there remains a risk of excessive/short purchasing of material. It is customary for the companies engaged in the retails sales business to have estimations in regard to daily demand, supply, and buffer stock to be kept for emergency situations (Moeller, 2016). The company has to prescribe the reorder levels for material so that orders can be placed whenever stock reaches to the reorder level. In the absence of this mechanism, the company will be exposed to the risk of either falling short of material or pilling up inventory because of buying in excessive quantities. In either situation, the company will have to suffer. If the stock falls short, the company will not be able to meet out the demand, which may affect the customer base of the company. On the other hand, if the company buys in excess, it will lead to extra cost burden in the form of inventory handling and carrying costs (Moeller, 2016). Apart from the above, the controlling risks in relation to record maintenance are also crucial for the management of Fruito to take into consideration. In relation to purchase of material, it is essential that reliable and relevant records are maintained documenting all the necessary events in entire process of procurement (Moeller, 2016). The absence of adequate controls in this area would lead to manipulation and falsification of the book records. The employees of the company colluding with outsiders may take advantage of weak controls in the record maintenance and misuse the assets of the company for personal gains. Weak controlling in record maintenance may give rise to the risk of theft of material (Moeller, 2016). In addition to the above discussed risks, there remains a risk of reduction in the operational efficiency also. It is essential for every company to have properly structured and sell defined processes in every area of operations either it is material handling, procurement, or distribution. Lack of controls in the process of material procurement may lead to deterioration in the operational efficiency. Carrying out the processes with undefined steps and procedures always goes unplanned leading to delays and defects (Moeller, 2016). Recommendations for Internal Controls In order to counter the risks due to weak controls, the management of Fruito is advised to first define the processes such as order placing, authorization, and material checking on receipt. Further, each process should have an authority, which will be accountable for lapses or any kind of mistakes in the process (Delaney Whittington, 2010). The authorization process must be intact to ensure that all the transactions take place with the permission of the authorized person. In order to counter the risk of purchases from unauthorized suppliers on wrong prices and prejudicial terms, it is essential that the employees strictly adhere to the authorization process (Delaney Whittington, 2010). Further, the management of Fruito is advised to set the quantities of buffer/safety stock, reorder level, minimum level, and maximum level. The estimations in this regard got to be precise because mistakes would lead to financial loss to the company. There must be automation in record maintenance so that management could be made aware whenever inventory reaches to reorder level (Delaney Whittington, 2010). Further, high level checks should be implemented on the record maintenance to ensure that the transactions are recoded validly and timely. The management should ensure that the material in unloaded after proper physical counting and verification with the purchase order specifications (Delaney Whittington, 2010). In addition to the above, the management should have internal auditing function to check the book records and processes in respect of material procurement on adequate intervals (Delaney Whittington, 2010). The management should ensure proper segregation of duties that is to say that personnel who are responsible to carry out physical count should not take part in record maintenance. This will help in reducing the possibility of fraud through manipulation of the book records. Further, there should be caused verification of the stock by the third party at least once in a year so as to ensure that company holds in inventory what was purchased (Delaney Whittington, 2010). Summary In a nutshell, it could be analyzed that internal controls on material procurement are very important and particularly for the company engaged in retail sales business like Fruito. The major risks that could emanate due to weak controls in regard to Fruito have been identified as the risk of false book keeping, unauthorized purchase of material, and excessive/short inventory. In order to counter these risks, the management is advised to first take automation of the record maintenance process and define the standard operating procedures. In addition to this, accountability of the each personnel should be fixed and physical checks of stock should be implemented. References Arwinge, O. 2012. Internal Control: A Study of Concept and Themes. Springer Science Business Media. Delaney, P.R. Whittington, O.R. 2010. Wiley CPA Exam Review 2011, Auditing and Attestation. John Wiley Sons. Johnstone, K., Gramling, A., Rittenberg, L.E. 2015. Auditing: A Risk Based-Approach to Conducting a Quality Audit. Cengage Learning. Moeller, R.R. 2016. Brink's Modern Internal Auditing: A Common Body of Knowledge. John Wiley Sons.